IN VITRO FERTILIZATION (IVF)

This procedure consists of mixing the male and female gametes in a suitable enviroment and waiting for fertilization to occur (60%- 70%). When embryos are produced, we usually put one or two back in the womb.

INTRACYTOPLASMIC SPERM INJECTION (ICSI)

This technique was developed for those cases in which sperm concentrations were too low for classical in vitro fertilization or for those in which the results of the fertilization of the oocyte weren’t good. It basically consists of injecting a single sperm directly into a mature oocyte (rather than allowing them to try and fuse naturally). In this way we only need one sperm alive per oocyte so that it allows working with semen samples with very low sperm concentration or using other techniques to recover sperm directly from the testicle as one called PESA ( percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration) or another one called TESA ( testicular sperm aspiration)